Evaluating the Design and Functionality of E-Learning Platform Interfaces in Zimbabwe: A Usability Study at a Public University
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52562/jdle.2026.1536Keywords:
E-Learning, Usability, UTAUT, Technology Adoption, ZimbabweAbstract
Low student engagement with e-learning platforms remains a concern in Zimbabwean higher education. This quantitative cross-sectional study evaluated students’ perceptions of an e-learning application at a public university using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). An online questionnaire was completed by 380 students across five academic levels in 2024, and the data were analysed in SPSS using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and one-way ANOVA. Students reported positive perceptions and a strong intention to use the platform, but rated facilitating conditions lowest. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions each correlated positively with behavioural intention, yet none was a significant predictor in a regression model that explained 11.8% of its variance. Behavioural intention significantly predicted use behaviour. The findings suggest that factors beyond the UTAUT constructs shape e-learning use. Improving navigation, interactivity, customisation and technical support is recommended.
Downloads
References
Abbad, M. M. M. (2021). Using the UTAUT model to understand students’ usage of e-learning systems in developing countries. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 7205–7224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10573-5
Adegbite, W., & Govender, C. (2022). How fourth industrial revolution skillsets mediate the relationship between work integrated learning, graduate employability, and future job. EUREKA: Social and Humanities, (4), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2022.002425
Ashong, C. Y., & Commander, N. E. (2012). Ethnicity, gender, and perceptions of online learning in higher education. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 8(2). https://jolt.merlot.org/vol8no2/ashong_0612.html
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Fleming, J., Becker, K., & Newton, C. (2017). Factors for successful e-learning: Does age matter? Education + Training, 59(1), 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-07-2015-0057
Goosen, W. (2023). Curated eLearning in South Africa: A user burgeoning perspective. American Journal of Online and Distance Learning, 5(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.47672/ajodl.1477
Goto, O. (2026). Zimbabwe’s quest for a twenty-first-century education: Unhu/Ubuntu/Vumuntu and the heritage. In [FILL: editors] (Eds.), Skills development for employability and life for the 21st century (pp. 69–107). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-5993-0_4
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson.
Hu, S., Laxman, K., & Lee, K. (2020). Exploring factors affecting academics’ adoption of emerging mobile technologies: An extended UTAUT perspective. Education and Information Technologies, 25(5), 4615–4635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10171-x
King, W. R., & He, J. (2006). A meta-analysis of the technology acceptance model. Information & Management, 43(6), 740–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.05.003
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Mastan, I. A., Sensuse, D. I., Suryono, R. R., & Kautsarina, K. (2022). Evaluation of distance learning system (e-learning): A systematic literature review. Jurnal Teknoinfo, 16(1), 132–137. https://doi.org/10.33365/jti.v16i1.1736
Mbiuki, A., Mutegi, R., & Kalai, J. (2026). E-Learning Information Quality and Student Satisfaction in Kenyan Public Universities: A Mixed-Methods Investigation. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 25(4), 454-474. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.25.4.21
Morse, J. M. (2015). Analytic strategies and sample size. Qualitative Health Research, 25(10), 1317–1318. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315602867
Murire, O. T., & Gavaza, B. K. (2025). Transitional challenges in technology adoption and continued use in tertiary institutions. Trends in Higher Education, 4(2), Article 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu4020028
Mutisya, D. N., & Makokha, G. L. (2016). Challenges affecting adoption of e-learning in public universities in Kenya. E-Learning and Digital Media, 13(3–4), 140–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753016672902
Muzira, D. R., & Bondai, B. M. (2020). Perception of educators towards the adoption of Education 5.0: A case of a state university in Zimbabwe. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 1(2), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.46606/eajess2020v01i02.0020
Naicker, V. (2023). The problem of epistemological critique in contemporary decolonial theory. Social Dynamics, 49(2), 220–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2023.2226497
Nherera, C. M., & Mukora, F. N. (2024). Digitalisation of higher education in Zimbabwe: A challenging necessity and emerging solutions. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 16(2), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v16i2.6040
Ntorukiri, T. B., Kirugua, J. M., & Kirimi, F. (2022). Policy and infrastructure challenges influencing ICT implementation in universities: A literature review. Discover Education, 1(1), Article 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-022-00019-6
Ospina, S., Alshehri, Y., Aldossry, B., & Mordhah, N. (2021). Saudi Arabia: Madrasati e-learning platform. In Learning to build back better futures for education: Lessons from educational innovation during the COVID-19 pandemic. UNESCO International Bureau of Education. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Badi-Aldossry/publication/356918598_Madrasati_e-learning_platform/links/61b36ccf63bbd9324282f8ed/Madrasati-e-learning-platform.pdf
Rahayu, R., & Day, J. (2015). Determinant factors of e-commerce adoption by SMEs in developing country: evidence from Indonesia. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 195, 142-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.423
Rahimi, R. A., & Oh, G. S. (2025). Beyond theory: A systematic review of strengths and limitations in technology acceptance models through an entrepreneurial lens. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 13(4), 1195–1218. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-024-00318-x
Rahman, A., & Muktadir, M. G. (2021). SPSS: An imperative quantitative data analysis tool for social science research. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 5(10), 300–302. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2021.51012
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2016). Research methods for business students (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Saunders, M. N. K., & Townsend, K. (2018). Choosing participants. In C. Cassell, A. L. Cunliffe, & G. Grandy (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative business and management research methods: History and traditions (pp. 480–492). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526430212.n28
Shard, Kumar, D., & Koul, S. (2024). Digital transformation in higher education: A comprehensive review of e-learning adoption. Human Systems Management, 43(4), 433–454. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-230190
Sharma, R., & Mishra, R. (2014). A review of evolution of theories and models of technology adoption. Indore Management Journal, 6(2), 17–29. https://iimidr.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Vol6-2RETMTA.pdf
Teyise, S. (2022). The role of technology in promoting quality teaching and learning in the MA (Public Management and Governance) programme at the University of Johannesburg [FILL: thesis type and repository URL]. University of Johannesburg.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Xue, L., Mat Rashid, A., & Ouyang, S. (2024). The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) in higher education: A systematic review. SAGE Open, 14(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241229570
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Daglous Masveta

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.









