The Role of AI Chatbots in Student Learning: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52562/jdle.v5i2.1694Keywords:
AI Chatbots, Student learning, Automated Tutoring, Educational Technology, MotivationAbstract
This systematic review evaluates the role of chatbots in student learning, focusing on engagement, motivation, feedback mechanisms, and academic performance. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a structured search was conducted across multiple academic databases using predefined eligibility criteria. Studies published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed through systematic data extraction and synthesis. Findings suggest chatbots enhance student engagement, provide structured feedback, and facilitate autonomous learning. However, challenges exist in chatbot adaptability, accuracy, and reliance on AI-generated content. Chatbots serve as valuable educational tools, but successful implementation requires structured integration and continuous refinement. AI systems need improved contextual accuracy and adaptability to enhance long-term effectiveness.
Downloads
References
Al-Abdullatif, A. M., Al-Dokhny, A. A., & Drwish, A. M. (2023). Implementing the Bashayer chatbot in Saudi higher education: measuring the influence on students’ motivation and learning strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1129070. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129070
Be?irovi?, S., Polz, E., & Tinkel, I. (2025). Exploring students’ AI literacy and its effects on their AI output quality, self-efficacy, and academic performance. Smart Learning Environments, 12(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00384-3
Booth, A., Sutton, A., & Papaioannou, D. (2016). Systematic approaches to a successful literature review (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Boutron, I., Page, M. J., Higgins, J. P., Altman, D. G., Lundh, A., Hróbjartsson, A., & Cochrane Bias Methods Group. (2019). Considering bias and conflicts of interest among the included studies. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, 177-204. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119536604.ch7
Büchter, R. B., Weise, A., & Pieper, D. (2020). Development, testing and use of data extraction forms in systematic reviews: a review of methodological guidance. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 20(1), 259. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-01143-3
Essel, H. B., Vlachopoulos, D., Tachie-Menson, A., Johnson, E. E., & Baah, P. K. (2022). The impact of a virtual teaching assistant (chatbot) on students’ learning in Ghanaian higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00362-6
Gada, T., & Chudasama, S. (2024). Impact Of Artificial Intelligence on Student Attitudes, Engagement, and Learning. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 6(5), 2695-2698. https://doi.org/10.56726/irjmets56247
Ghaithi, A. A., & Behforouz, B. (2024). The use of an interactive chatbot in grammar learning. -The Journal of Educators Online, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.9743/jeo.2024.21.4.12
Gökçearslan, ?., Tosun, C., & Erdemir, Z. G. (2024). Benefits, Challenges, and Methods of Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots in Education: A Systematic Literature review. International Journal of Technology in Education, 7(1), 19–39. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijte.600
Hartley, K., Hayak, M., & Ko, U. H. (2024). Artificial intelligence Supporting Independent Student learning: An evaluative case study of CHATGPT and Learning to Code. Education Sciences, 14(2), 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14020120
Holstein, K., McLaren, B. M., & Aleven, V. (2019). Co-designing a real-time classroom orchestration tool to support teacher–AI complementarity. Journal of Learning Analytics, 6(2), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2019.62.3
Hutt, S., DePiro, A., Wang, J., Rhodes, S., Baker, R. S., Hieb, G., Sethuraman, S., Ocumpaugh, J., & Mills, C. (2024). Feedback on feedback: comparing classic natural language processing and generative AI to evaluate peer feedback. Association for Computing Machinery, 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636850
Karaman, M. R., & Göksu, ?. (2024). Are lesson plans created by ChatGPT more effective? an experimental study. International Journal of Technology in Education, 7(1), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijte.607
Labadze, L., Grigolia, M., & Machaidze, L. (2023). Role of AI chatbots in education: systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00426-1
Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson. https://oro.open.ac.uk/50104/
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Pardos, Z. A., & Bhandari, S. (2024). ChatGPT-generated help produces learning gains equivalent to human tutor-authored help on mathematics skills. PLoS ONE, 19(5), e0304013. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304013
Pimmer, C., Daniels, F., Ologun-Abiodun, R., & Chipps, J. (2020). A WhatsApp community of practice for nurse graduates in South Africa. Nurse Education in Practice, 46, 102826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102826
Shi, H., & Aryadoust, V. (2024). A systematic review of AI-based automated written feedback research. ReCALL, 36(2), 187–209. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0958344023000265
Song, C., & Song, Y. (2023). Enhancing academic writing skills and motivation: assessing the efficacy of ChatGPT in AI-assisted language learning for EFL students. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260843
Vázquez-Cano, E., Mengual-Andrés, S., & López-Meneses, E. (2021). Chatbot to improve learning punctuation in Spanish and to enhance open and flexible learning environments. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00269-8
Wang, Z., & Han, F. (2022). The effects of teacher feedback and automated feedback on cognitive and psychological aspects of foreign language writing: A Mixed-Methods Research. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 909802. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.909802
Winkler, R., Söllner, M., & Leimeister, J. M. (2021). Enhancing problem-solving skills with smart personal assistant technology. Computers & Education, 165, 104148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104148
Yeti??ensoy, O., & Karaduman, H. (2024). The effect of AI-powered chatbots in social studies education. Education and Information Technologies, 29(13), 17035–17069. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12485-6
Yin, Q., & Satar, M. (2020). English As a Foreign Language Learner Interactions with Chatbots: Negotiation for Meaning. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 7(2), 390-410. https://iojet.org/index.php/IOJET/article/view/707
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education—Where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Zeevy-Solovey, O. (2024). Comparing peer, ChatGPT, and teacher corrective feedback in EFL writing: Students’ perceptions and preferences. Technology in Language Teaching & Learning, 6(3), 1482. https://doi.org/10.29140/tltl.v6n3.1482
Zhai, C., Wibowo, S., & Li, L. D. (2024). The effects of over-reliance on AI dialogue systems on students’ cognitive abilities: a systematic review. Smart Learning Environments, 11(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00316-7
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Pema Wangdi, Sonam Pelden

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.











